How Fast Is Fast Enough? The Doherty Threshold in UX Design

The Doherty Threshold states that productivity and user engagement increase when a system responds to user actions within 400 milliseconds. At this speed, users perceive the interaction as immediate, allowing them to remain focused and in control without experiencing disruption or frustration. When feedback is delayed beyond this threshold, attention drops and the interaction begins to feel slow and unreliable. For this reason, modern user experience design prioritizes rapid system feedback, perceived performance, and visual indicators such as animations and progress bars to maintain trust and reduce the sensation of waiting.

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